A survival show is a reality show and competition that typically features over 100 trainees from a variety of companies, who then compete in singing, dancing and more to showcase their skills. They begin with auditions where contestants are selected based on their performance skills (e.g., singing, dancing, rapping), followed by rigorous training and various challenges. Contestants face eliminations through judges' scores and public voting until a final group is formed. The remaining contestants debut as a new KPop group. Examples of groups created through survival shows are TWICE, BIGBANG, and Enhypen.

The alternative means of forming a group is through entertainment labels selecting the top performers from their own set of trainees. All decisions regarding the formation of the group are made solely by the company. Examples of groups created through this model include TxT, Seventeen, and Black Pin

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The term "AAA Games" is a classification used within the video gaming industry to signify high-budget, high-profile games that are typically produced and distributed by large, well-known publishers. These games often rank as “blockbusters” due to their extreme popularity.

In recent years, longer development times and increased costs have pushed AAA publishers to introduce microtransactions such as paid extra content (or DLCs), cosmetics, and lootboxes in games to increase profit while maintaining the industry-standard $60 cos

t.

Career generalists have a wide spectrum of knowledge (e.g. gaining skills that you can use in various industries), while career specialists are subject matter experts in their areas of study (e.g., staying in one industry, getting specialist trainings, pursuing higher education).

A solidarity strike is done by workers in the same industry to support another group of workers who are striking, even though they themselves do not have a direct grievance with their employer. 

Radical salary transparency refers to the notion that all firms should make their compensation packages known and publicly-available. For this debate, assume that radical salary transparency can be done and implemented.

The "Delaware Effect" refers to low regulatory burdens and business-friendly environments as a means of attracting foreign corporations. Examples include streamlined processes for incorporating businesses, favorable tax treatment, and flexible corporate governance laws.

Article 25 of the WTO's (World Trade Organization) Dispute Settlement Understanding allows for arbitration as an alternative dispute resolution mechanism, provided both parties agree to it. This process is flexible, enabling the parties to define the scope, select arbitrators, and establish procedures. The arbitration award is binding and must be consistent with WTO agreements, with outcomes notified to the Dispute Settlement Body. 

 Traditional economic sanctions are targeted at a specific country. On the contrary, extraterritorial sanctions are designed to target countries that are not directly related to the sanctioned nation. 

An example of extraterritorial sanctions is when the US threatened to sanction European countries and firms if they did not cooperate with the US' sanctions on Iran.

National Basketball Association (NBA) commissioner Adam Silver is heavily considering a league expansion in the near future as the league renews its media rights deals. League expansion is the creation of a new team in the league and is done to tap a new market, give players a chance to play in a new team, and give an opportunity for a city to host an NBA franchise. 

The last expansion was done in 2004 which created the Charlotte Bobcats (now Charlotte Hornets). The only international team in the NBA is the Toronto Raptors after the Vancouver Grizzlies moved to Memphis in 2001.

In Formula 1, the Drag Reduction System (DRS) is a system that was introduced in 2011 that lessens the drag of a car by temporarily opening its rear wing which allows it to gain more speed and have a higher chance of overtaking opponents.

In order for drivers to use DRS, certain conditions have to be met to ensure safety (such as good weather and track conditions). But most importantly, DRS can only be used by drivers if they are a second or less behind another opponent in the designated DRS zone (the longest straight of a track).

Argentina's current president, Javier Milei, is proposing a policy of full dollarization as a response to a depreciating local currency. This means that the country will fully adopt the U.S. dollar in place of the Argentine peso, and citizens would be required to use U.S. dollars for all transactions instead of pesos. 

Somaliland declared independence from Somalia's government in Mogadishu in 1991, and has since been fighting for international recognition as an independent state since then.

In January 2024, Abiy Ahmed, the Prime Minister of Ethiopia, signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Somaliland to gain port access, consequently making Ethiopia the first country in the world to recognize the sovereignty of Somaliland. As a result, tensions between Somalia and Ethiopia have been rising.

You are a professional Valorant player and a well-established and popular streamer. You are also above the average age of the current league. In 2021 and 2024, you won the global championships and are regarded as one of the best players of all time. In the next two local qualifiers, your team, the same team you had in the 2024 global championship, did not qualify for the next round and was eliminated in the preliminaries. One of your teammates, also one of the youngest players in the league currently, is surpassing your KDA (Kill-Death-Assist) statistics. The next season's qualifiers will start December this year.

You are the only daughter of a Sherpa guide for Mt. Everest climbers. From a young age, you were taught the ways of the mountains and the nature of your father’s work. Your community has long been full of Sherpa guides, and your father has summited Mt. Everest 30 times in his life, earning him great respect. Recently, fewer people from your community have chosen to become Sherpa guides, but there's a silent expectation that you might follow in your father's footsteps to continue this proud tradition.

Both start your journey. Near the ridge a couple hundred meters below the summit, the billionaire slips and hangs on a cliff. He would die if he fell. You were able to save him, and you both push harder, successfully summiting Mt. Everest for the first time.

At the end of the climb, the billionaire, grateful that you saved his life, presents you with an unexpected offer: a chance to move to Nepal’s capital city, Kathmandu. He proposes to relocate you completely and provide a stable job at his thriving business, offering you an annual salary of $USD50,000—an unimaginable amount compared to what most in your village earn. However, you will have to leave your family and community.

The Chevron doctrine, established by the U.S. Supreme Court in the 1984 case Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. Natural Resources Defense Council, Inc., mandates that federal courts defer to administrative federal agencies' interpretations of ambiguous statutes. The doctrine is based on a two-step process: first, if the statute is clear, its explicit intent must be followed; second, if the statute is ambiguous, the court should defer to the agency's interpretation as long as it is reasonable. This principle recognizes the agencies' expertise and their role in executing laws passed by Congress.

In July 2024, the US Supreme Court on a 6-3 split overruled the Chevron Doctrine.

“Bidenomics” broadly refers to Biden's economic policy, which focused on financial incentives and state subsidy to promote domestic industrial manufacturing and green energy. The key pieces of legislation under this economic theory are the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, and the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022. 

Kamala Harris has currently expressed interest to follow Bidenomics, accompanied by a shift in government budget allocation towards social welfare.

You are a man in your mid-30s. You work for a job that you love, are married to a woman you love, and have a supportive community of friends. One day, you drive to work, and you accidentally deviate from your typical route, which exposes radio transmissions that comment on your every move. Freaked out, you entered a random building, and saw the backstage of a TV set. 

You start to become suspicious of everything, including the relationship you have with your wife and friends. When you lashed out at your wife, she mistakenly admits she and every person around you are paid actors and actresses. At this point, the director of the TV show approaches you and explains the situation you are in.

From the moment of your birth, you have been the star of a famous and globally-recognized TV show based on your life without your knowledge. There is a group of writers who predetermine every important event in your life. All of the people you've interacted with are paid actors. Your so-called community turns out to merely be a TV set. 

The director gives you a choice: to stay in the TV show, or experience the outside world for the first time. If you decide to leave, as part of the deal with the director, you must forego all ability to sue or gain compensation from the company, and you are required to rename yourself, change your appearance, and live in a remote community as an average person. If you decide to stay, you must sign a contract that puts you in this job forever.

“Bidenomics” broadly refers to Biden's economic policy, which focused on financial incentives and state subsidy to promote domestic industrial manufacturing and green energy. The key pieces of legislation under this economic theory are the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, and the CHIPS and Science Act of 2022. 

Kamala Harris has currently expressed interest to follow Bidenomics, accompanied by a shift in government budget allocation towards social welfare.

A prenuptial agreement is a legally enforceable written contract entered into by a couple prior to marriage that enables them to select and control many of the legal rights they acquire upon marrying, and what happens when their marriage eventually ends by death or divorce.